Molar Distalization By Miniplates- A Review

Treatment of Class II malocclusions, without extractions, frequently requires distalization of maxillary molars into a Class I relationship by means of extra-oral or intraoral forces. Several methods and devices can be used to distalize maxillary molars and to correct Class II malocclusions. The most conventional method for distalizing the maxillary molars involves use of cervical headgear but the success of the treatment depends heavily on patient cooperation. Several intraoral appliances have been used to distalize the maxillary molars in Class II patients without the patient’s cooperation; these include nickel-titanium spring, magnet distal jet, first class, Jones jig, pendulum, and Keles slider appliances. Introduction Treatment of Class II malocclusions, without extractions, frequently requires distalization of maxillary molars into a Class I relationship by means of extra-oral or intraoral forces. Several methods and devices can be used to distalize maxillary molars and to correct Class II malocclusions. The most conventional method for distalizing the maxillary molars involves use of cervical headgear but the success of the treatment depends heavily on patient cooperation. Several intraoral appliances have been used to distalize the maxillary molars in Class II patients without the patient’s cooperation; these include nickel-titanium spring, magnet distal jet, first class, Jones jig, pendulum, and Keles slider appliances. All of these intraoral distalization appliances distalize the maxillary molars; however anchorage loss was unavoidable, characterized by the protrusion of maxillary incisors, an increase in overjet, and decrease in overbite. Anchorage, defined as a resistance to unwanted tooth movement 1 , is a prerequisite for the orthodontic treatment of dental and skeletal malocclusions. 2,3 In1983, the first clinical use of a screw for orthodontic anchorage was reported. 4 After that, temporary skeletal anchorage devices were rapidly developed. There have been 3 major trends in the field of temporary skeletal anchorage devices: palatal implants, miniscrews, and miniplates. When compared with the other temporary skeletal anchorage systems, miniplates offer better stability. The average failure rates are 7.3% for miniplates, 10.5% for palatal implants, and 16.4% for